Makampani opanga ma semiconductor aku US sangathe kuwononga ndalama pomanga mafakitale apamwamba ku China kapena kupanga ma chips pamsika waku US.
Makampani opanga zinthu za semiconductor aku US omwe amalandira ndalama zokwana $280 biliyoni mu CHIPS ndi Science Act adzaletsedwa kuyika ndalama ku China. Nkhani zaposachedwa zachokera kwa Nduna ya Zamalonda Gina Raimondo, yemwe adauza atolankhani ku White House dzulo.
CHIPS, kapena America's Semiconductor Manufacturing Favorable Incentives Act, inakwana $52 biliyoni ya $280 biliyoni ndipo ndi gawo la khama la boma la federal lokonzanso kupanga mafakitale a semiconductor m'dziko muno ku United States, komwe kukutsalira ku Taiwan ndi China.
Motero, makampani aukadaulo omwe amalandira ndalama zothandizira boma motsatira CHIPS Act adzaletsedwa kuchita bizinesi ku China kwa zaka khumi. Raimondo adafotokoza kuti lamuloli ndi "mpanda woonetsetsa kuti anthu omwe amalandira ndalama zothandizira za CHIPS sadzaopseza chitetezo cha dziko."
"Saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi poyika ndalama ku China, sangathe kupanga ukadaulo wapamwamba ku China, ndipo sangathe kutumiza ukadaulo waposachedwa kunja." ".zotsatira."
Kuletsa kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti makampani sangagwiritse ntchito ndalamazo kumanga mafakitale apamwamba ku China kapena kupanga ma chips pamsika wa US kum'mawa kwa dzikolo. Komabe, makampani aukadaulo amatha kukulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira ma chips ku China pokhapokha ngati zinthuzo zikuyang'aniridwa pamsika waku China wokha.
“Ngati atenga ndalamazo ndikuchita chilichonse mwa izi, tidzabweza ndalamazo,” Raimondo anayankha mtolankhani wina. Raimondo adatsimikiza kuti makampani aku America ali okonzeka kutsatira ziletso zomwe zaperekedwa.
Tsatanetsatane ndi tsatanetsatane wa ziletsozi zidzasankhidwa pofika mu February 2023. Komabe, Raimondo adafotokoza kuti njira yonseyi ikukhudza kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko la United States. Chifukwa chake, sizikudziwika ngati makampani omwe adayika kale ndalama ku China ndikulengeza kuti apanga ma node ambiri mdzikolo ayenera kusiya mapulani awo.
"Tilemba anthu omwe akhala akukambirana molimba mtima m'mabungwe achinsinsi, ndi akatswiri mumakampani opanga zinthu za semiconductor, ndipo tidzakambirana mgwirizano umodzi ndi umodzi ndikukakamiza makampani awa kuti atitsimikizire - tikufunika kuti achite izi pankhani yowulula zachuma, atitsimikizire pankhani yoyika ndalama - atitsimikizire kuti ndalamazo ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti tipange ndalamazo."
Popeza lamulo losowa kwambiri la zipani ziwiri, Chip Act, linasainidwa kukhala lamulo mu Ogasiti, Micron yalengeza kuti idzayika ndalama zokwana $40 biliyoni popanga zinthu ku US pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi.
Qualcomm ndi GlobalFoundries adalengeza mgwirizano wa $4.2 biliyoni kuti alimbikitse kupanga ma semiconductors ku fakitale ya New York. M'mbuyomu, Samsung (Texas ndi Arizona) ndi Intel (New Mexico) adalengeza za ndalama zokwana mabiliyoni ambiri m'mafakitale a ma chip.
Pa ndalama zokwana $52 biliyoni zomwe zaperekedwa ku Chip Act, $39 biliyoni zipita ku zolimbikitsa kupanga zinthu, $13.2 biliyoni zipita ku kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha antchito, ndipo $500 miliyoni yotsalayo ipita ku ntchito zoperekera zinthu za semiconductor. Inayambitsanso msonkho wa ndalama wa 25 peresenti pa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga semiconductor ndi zida zina zokhudzana nazo.
Malinga ndi bungwe la Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), kupanga zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi bizinesi yolemera $555.9 biliyoni yomwe idzatsegula zenera latsopano pofika chaka cha 2021, ndi 34.6% ($192.5 biliyoni) ya ndalamazo zikupita ku China. Komabe, opanga aku China amadalirabe mapangidwe ndi ukadaulo wamagetsi aku US, koma kupanga zinthu ndi nkhani yosiyana. Kupanga zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi kumafuna zaka zambiri zogulira ndi zida zodula monga makina amphamvu a ultraviolet lithography.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, maboma akunja, kuphatikizapo boma la China, agwirizanitsa makampaniwa ndipo aperekabe zolimbikitsira kupanga ma chip, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mphamvu zopangira ma semiconductor ku US zichepe kuchoka pa 56.7% mu 2013 kufika pa 43.2% mu 2021. Komabe, kupanga ma chip ku US kumangokhala 10 peresenti yokha ya dziko lonse lapansi.
Chip Act ndi malamulo oletsa ndalama a ku China zathandizanso kukweza kupanga ma chip ku US. Mu 2021, 56.7% ya malo opangira ma chip ku US omwe ali ndi likulu lawo adzakhala kunja kwa dzikolo, malinga ndi SIA.
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